Lesson 2 - Coming and going
Mr. Morfar is going home along with his younger brother and meets Mr. Seijiro.
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もうふぁ： |
おい せいじろさん。 きょうは おげんきですか。 |
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Moufa: |
Oi Seijiro-san. Kyou wa o-genki desu ka. |
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Morfar: |
Hey, Mr. Seijiro. How are you today? |
Vocabulary:
おい = oi = hey
きょう = kyou = today
おげんき ですか = o-genki desu ka = How are you? (lit. are you well?)
げんき = genki = health(y)
お～ = o- = traditionally added to certain words to give them elegance (prefix)
あなた = anata = you
どこか = dokoka = somewhere
いきます （いく） = ikimasu (iku) = to go
ええ = ee = yes
どこ = doko = where
うち = uchi = home
も = mo = too, also (particle)
まだ = mada = yet, still
ひとりで = hitori de = alone
で = de = number of people takes the particle de (particle)
おとうと = otouto = younger brother
と = to = with (particle)
ここ = koko = here
いつ = itsu = when
かえります （かえる） = kaerimasu (kaeru) = to return, to go back
らいしゅう = raishuu = next week
また = mata = again
1. noun wa place NI/E IKIMASU
2. noun wa place NI/E IKIMASU KA
Hai, (noun wa place ni) ikimasu.
Iie, (noun wa place ni) ikimasen.
Ex.
Moufa-san wa chuugoku ni ikimasu ka.
Iie, (Moufa-san wa chuugoku ni) ikimasen.
If one asks where the other person is going using the particle ni/e, they can be omitted in the answer as it is obvious what you are talking about. The things in the parentheses can be omitted. Which can be:
Hai, ikimasu.
Iie, ikimasen
| Present Form | Past Form | |||
| affirmative | negative | affirmative | negative | |
| go | ikimasu | ikimasen | ikimashita | ikimasendeshita |
| come | kimasu | kimasen | kimashita | kimasendeshita |
| return | kaerimasu | kaerimasen | kaerimashita | kaerimasendeshita |
# -Oi Seijiro-san. Kyou wa o-genki desu ka. -Hai, genki desu. Anata wa?
Here Moufa asks how Seijiro is, and as he answers here he uses the word anata (you). Though this is an informal act and the only reason why we had it in this lesson is to familiar you with the word anata. Normally one would say the name with a prefix (-san) instead. Some people, especially if you don't know the other person well and he/she has a higher position than you, or yet older, that person might get offended if you use the word "you" (anata).
So to make this sentence structure in a formal way, this is how it shall look like:
Oi Seijiro-san. Kyou wa o-genki desu ka.
Hai, genki desu. Moufa-san wa?
# Particles ni/e.
The particles ni and e is played as the English word "to" placed after the noun. The both of them are theoretically divided as "direction and arrival" which is shown below. But in actual practice they are interchangeable, in the cases where both can be used we use the particle ni.
Ex, e expresses direction:
(Watashi wa) Hidari e ikimasu. "(I) am going to the left."
Ex, ni expresses arrival at destination:
Senshuu no Seijiro-san wa Otaku Animation ni kimashita. "Mr. Seijiro came to Otaku Animation last week."
# Particle de.
In this example the particle de describes the number of people, ex:
Hitori de "Alone, by oneself"
San-nin de "Three of us/them"
If the particle is excluded you would instead get the number of people that's present, hitori "one person", futari "two people/two persons" and san-nin "three people" and so on. Though, we won't go deeply into counting people as this will be covered in another lesson.
# Particle to. 'Iie, otouto to ikimasu'.
Individual or individuals takes the particle to meaning "with".
Otouto to "with my younger brother"
Kawashi-san to "with Miss Kawashi"
# Particle mo. "Too, also."
Note the position after the noun of the particles ni, "to, towards" and mo, "too, also." While two particles may normally follow one another, as do ni mo and ni wa above, wa and mo are never used together. One or the other is used, ex:
Seijiro-san wa tetsudai desu. "Mr. Seijiro is an assistant."
Kawahi-san mo tetsudai desu. "Miss Kawashi, too, is an assistant.
Mo can follow any of the other particle such as ni, kara, de, etc.
Key sentences:
1. Watashi wa ashita ginkou ni ikimasu.
2. Kono densha wa Tokyo Eki ni ikimasen.
3. Watashi wa kinou yuubinkyoku ni ikimashita.
4. Watashi wa senshuu gakkou ni ikimasendeshita.
5. Seijiro-san wa kyounen Yume kara Otaku Animation ni kimashita
6. Seijiro-san wa rainen Yume ni kaerimasu.
1. I'm going to the bank tomorrow.
2. This train doesn't go to Tokyo Station.
3. I went to the post office yesterday.
4. I didn't go to school last week.
5. Mr. Seijiro came to Otaku Animation from Yume last year.
6. Mr. Seijiro will return to Yume next year.
Vocabulary:
せんしゅう = senshuu = last week
あした = ashita = tomorrow
ぎんこう = ginkou = bank
この （これ） = kono (kore) = this
でんしゃ = densha = train
とうきょう えき = Tokyo Eki = Tokyo Station
えき = eki = station
きのう = kinou = yesterday
ゆうびんきょく = yuubinkyoku = post office
がっこう = gakkou = school
きょうねん = kyounen = last year
ゆめ = Yume = a group in this context, but the word "yume" means "dream".
から = kara = from (particle)
らいねん = rainen = next year
Short dialogues:
| 1. |
Moufa: |
Kono basu wa Narita Kuukou ni ikimasu ka. |
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Morfar: |
Does this bus go to Narita Airport? |
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| 2. |
Ai: |
Dare ga Narita Kuukou ni ikimashita ka. |
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Ai: |
Who went to Narita Airport? |
Vocabulary:
ばす = basu = bus
なりた くうこう = Narita Kuukou = Narita Airport
くうこう = kuukou = airport
どこ = doko = where
たいしかん = taishikan = embassy
なぜ = naze = why
ちかてつ = chikatetsu = subway (lit. underground railway)
ひこうき = hikouki = airplane
で= de = by (particle)
もっと = motto = more
たのしい = tanoshii = fun
だれ = dare = who
が = ga = subject marker (particle)
わかりません （わかります/わかる） = wakarimasen (wakarimasu/wakaru) = I don't know (to understand)
Go to Lesson 3 - Counting, day and time (not done yet)
Updated 2008-09-27 19:56:37